tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6174136974449795982024-03-13T19:53:51.021-07:00cultural expeditionAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-80084399074833793802014-05-06T03:41:00.002-07:002014-05-06T03:41:33.142-07:00<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">References:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Sierra-Leone.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Sierra-Leone.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/07/mende-people-sierra-leones-educated-and.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://</span></a><a href="http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/07/mende-people-sierra-leones-educated-and.html"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/07/mende-people-sierra-leones-educated-and.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Mende.aspx"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://</span></a><a href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Mende.aspx"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Mende.aspx</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Podiceps_nigricollis_001.jpg/300px-Podiceps_nigricollis_001.jpg</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://ts4.mm.bing.net/th?&id=HN.608028581684578648&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Mende+Tribe+house&go=Submit&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=mende+tribe+house&sc=1-20&sp=-1&sk="><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Mende+Tribe+house&go=Submit&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=mende+tribe+house&sc=1-20&sp=-1&sk=#</span></a><a href="http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Mende+Tribe+house&go=Submit&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=mende+tribe+house&sc=1-20&sp=-1&sk="><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">view=detail&id=B9FDB620AD40F6644DD4DBB954DC5E89B531AF76&selectedIndex=4</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.birdsgallery.net/gallery/pelicans/pelican_3.jpg</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.hat.net/photo/africa/30_birds/cormorants/070920121344_cormorant.jpg</span></i><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-2788267498157187362014-05-06T03:38:00.003-07:002014-05-06T03:38:57.488-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>MENDE CULTURAL SURVIVAL</u></b></div>
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<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The people of Mende being the largest ethnic group
in Sierra Leone historically has being known for its cultural domination and
expansion (referred to as “mendenization) among its neighboring tribes for a
long period of time even the days of colonialism in Sierra Leone. They have
strong cultural values, beliefs, and traditions which bind them together and
are being passed on from generation to generation. They have come to impact
their culture on their less populous neighbors. For instance, the Gola and the
Krim affirm to being culturally influenced heavily by the people of the Mende’s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Their geographic mobility explains aspects of Mende cultural
diversity, particularly dialectic differences.</span> <o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Located in the coastal areas of West Africa they
have a typical equatorial climate, with wet and dry seasons each lasting about
six months which makes up a good climatic condition for their subsistence
method of farming and animal domestication.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXleW8MMtcoLMyxBE4tyQsEap_86VPLUiiOvG_bxaMnnl4EhqtDedQQXHiMYqzsakQX1A47RHn_lR-AfTkk2j1oWBSRkhd1cWIj9XV7lL1YjBJpZBNUMGvg8xwYLJ0NPIDJj7oBj-DMEnr/s1600/mende....jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXleW8MMtcoLMyxBE4tyQsEap_86VPLUiiOvG_bxaMnnl4EhqtDedQQXHiMYqzsakQX1A47RHn_lR-AfTkk2j1oWBSRkhd1cWIj9XV7lL1YjBJpZBNUMGvg8xwYLJ0NPIDJj7oBj-DMEnr/s1600/mende....jpg" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://www.premieredreadz.com/sites/default/files/styles/gallery-large/public/baye%20fall.jpg<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQN9d29CE60yeJo0KIxeFdFxKDssE-6Inf1nIHjYOO3YDRHZNfxJvuLsbkdrbtpnbpWWs3vfv9PY9fMMrlC0gfXbws2qy-wQd21wDA6Hn7zdAjaX39lvir-MV7le9uJ6yb8KGFPn2JSuml/s1600/mende+dnce.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQN9d29CE60yeJo0KIxeFdFxKDssE-6Inf1nIHjYOO3YDRHZNfxJvuLsbkdrbtpnbpWWs3vfv9PY9fMMrlC0gfXbws2qy-wQd21wDA6Hn7zdAjaX39lvir-MV7le9uJ6yb8KGFPn2JSuml/s1600/mende+dnce.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://academic.csuohio.edu/curnowk/curnowk/assets/images/21.jpg</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Political leadership is structured that
political leadership rests on the shoulders of the section chief or subchief
who in most cases is the oldest person and most suitable in the male line
usually from a descendant of a victorious warrior and founder of the
settlement. The chief and his council of subchiefs, title holders and village
heads make decisions on matters of public interest, settle disputes and punish
lawbreakers.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkEhYeTrVaYGSNVp6XNdNrSdBMn6bHPTUmNs7BAxD5Z7-zg6pGp3FaPbgDfBRejrYHGI507G-HWJntC-f5DyQROh2K3rAR1JtGK3Y2gkzF8H8G8LenPXP1C_4rlytg2I46snC1upP7_Mo4/s1600/chiefdom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkEhYeTrVaYGSNVp6XNdNrSdBMn6bHPTUmNs7BAxD5Z7-zg6pGp3FaPbgDfBRejrYHGI507G-HWJntC-f5DyQROh2K3rAR1JtGK3Y2gkzF8H8G8LenPXP1C_4rlytg2I46snC1upP7_Mo4/s1600/chiefdom.jpg" height="204" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m74hvu8eZ41qivbyro1_1280.jpg</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitPXmzGndqASa4Gh4lP2i1aoBFk71z5QpiGWpzj2bbWb6WxyVRNlm3m93IjIY8iALHbV8nFohRex3ttSxNEY7v96v4pUitKCVHzwms_qQH8oH9PxkdDfm_k4nEsjhYyqK3v2ex0-ok8NKL/s1600/chief.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitPXmzGndqASa4Gh4lP2i1aoBFk71z5QpiGWpzj2bbWb6WxyVRNlm3m93IjIY8iALHbV8nFohRex3ttSxNEY7v96v4pUitKCVHzwms_qQH8oH9PxkdDfm_k4nEsjhYyqK3v2ex0-ok8NKL/s1600/chief.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">http://takouba.org/fp-content/images/tl-07/Mende%20chief%20late%2019th%20kl.jpg</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /><o:p></o:p><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">These factors among others are what make the
people of Mende unique in their own way and the reason they continue to thrive
and adhere to their own traditions in this modern era.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-63658256584109287322014-05-05T22:14:00.002-07:002014-05-05T22:14:55.611-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>MENDE MIGRATION AND DIASPORA</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The people of Mende account for about one-third
of the population of Sierra Leone. Linguistic and cultural traits suggest that
the people of Mende descended from the thirteenth-century Mali Empire. Before
the eighteenth century Mende territory did not extend to its present coastal
areas, and territorial increase resulted from wars. Through wars and raids and
subjugation and enslavement of other peoples, the Mende assimilated other
groups, such as the Sherbro and the Vai. Mende cultural expansion and
domination, referred to as "mendenization," continued through the
colonial era, although more peacefully as Mende settlements spread in the
trading areas. This geographic mobility explains aspects of Mende cultural
diversity, particularly dialectic differences.</span> <span style="background: #1C1C1C; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSUuCIV8j2biideKD7S37zQx1gA36S4i75hAeVcC9RUzvDL67qEiL310lW5TbdzV1jYubTf6Zyp5ZlSWrFrNbNJW7rk1Jm7_bJnBAv03lzPHOMXwCKCxhyH9LzKdpcZPGuvETln_clrY2G/s1600/sierra-leone-admin-map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSUuCIV8j2biideKD7S37zQx1gA36S4i75hAeVcC9RUzvDL67qEiL310lW5TbdzV1jYubTf6Zyp5ZlSWrFrNbNJW7rk1Jm7_bJnBAv03lzPHOMXwCKCxhyH9LzKdpcZPGuvETln_clrY2G/s1600/sierra-leone-admin-map.jpg" height="320" width="254" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF56mXzRtzz-yGssF9Tt0M3aPYg5AuB-1GwAbcn0ylcvRMEdbeZsZrUkSVcj5X2elPumlCD7kNOvXJTgmh7qLGoeZwxxH3Blz7m16ZoHNpVawnyJc75rQBhHRRZ8GZdjlqad9CNzOv4uWI/s1600/sierra-leone-admin-map.jpg</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br /><span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5F1NOKtl-wBAEz7UBFbDVov5bdzPvOAyhDO53If4Vl3_ZMl_NFGTRy_DiLCC3RApo8ydYBxL7c9fNAnb7FuDJot3o-lTs3NWWSmQf9tbGsM7qScvSabvX7PJQdKydXikaufwqVzOBL8i_/s1600/sierra-leone+diaspora.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5F1NOKtl-wBAEz7UBFbDVov5bdzPvOAyhDO53If4Vl3_ZMl_NFGTRy_DiLCC3RApo8ydYBxL7c9fNAnb7FuDJot3o-lTs3NWWSmQf9tbGsM7qScvSabvX7PJQdKydXikaufwqVzOBL8i_/s1600/sierra-leone+diaspora.jpg" height="251" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzsWARc9GwOsP5RF1js1WQHRrhOdKyxaJA1x5nJTst7p_FeLf2NC_-1b9yRXdpW0nFop0A-NhPhfg4Sdu_K1_RYCMkNfbWf-rtaZ1HQiV4fDfiYRUjgE5mhqxSEgG_yUCxlc9NzkWnSVk0/s1600/sierra-leone.jpg<br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV8UG9Ll9myeYU2b6vpNRf4nwOfki_f8J1-KbEoWNpc1v_mfjCyiChWhF2xeTjK5_ggfOeZfN9bkimuIZ3OK_AzWiMsbnW8Sos2tO99HSK-mq8_a3q1vW8-5zQMy8Cr6IVuzDSShJFlcXF/s1600/African-Diaspora.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV8UG9Ll9myeYU2b6vpNRf4nwOfki_f8J1-KbEoWNpc1v_mfjCyiChWhF2xeTjK5_ggfOeZfN9bkimuIZ3OK_AzWiMsbnW8Sos2tO99HSK-mq8_a3q1vW8-5zQMy8Cr6IVuzDSShJFlcXF/s1600/African-Diaspora.gif" height="307" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://ypia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/African-Diaspora.gif<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimuSNlpjKiSWMdL8OFH3Y46WojfuHZBx8pig3bsbmr5BixHDnmHReELkvVmxYnMlbXhPFtBvXTY3y_R3Xa2-GB9J1ubJFZYyaEe8jVs49haHjRDLDdLyKzRWZOWb0-CU42iP5P1hkia6LN/s1600/on+the+road.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimuSNlpjKiSWMdL8OFH3Y46WojfuHZBx8pig3bsbmr5BixHDnmHReELkvVmxYnMlbXhPFtBvXTY3y_R3Xa2-GB9J1ubJFZYyaEe8jVs49haHjRDLDdLyKzRWZOWb0-CU42iP5P1hkia6LN/s1600/on+the+road.jpg" height="219" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJezHYAxRqfyIqeno8COT7lmPCjVcVKIpyd0bTDeY9Qmh1KOlM24x02LUceD4uTKlUBEgSF53s-qtak6dWXt7Y-1H0aRd3vgsiOgDqGa_-88utI-Jnr9SeqWBdtB6EsE6cbo8_TcNFOz9Z/s1600/IMG_2891road.jpg</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-21338893466566336202014-05-05T21:47:00.002-07:002014-05-05T21:47:59.016-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><u>MENDE AND THEIR NEIGHBORS</u></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
people of Mende occupy the southern and eastern<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>parts of Sierra Leone</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Their territory falls within the rain forest belt of West
Africa. The narrow strip of coastland forms the western and southwestern
boundary between the Mende and the Sherbro-Bullom, the Krim, and the Vai. To the
easternmost part of Sierra Leone and the northeast are populated by the Kissi
and the Kron peoples, respectively. The Jong, Sewa, and Moa rivers flowing from
the more hilly northern region of Sierra Leone intersect Mende territory in the
west, center, and east.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Historically, from the sixteenth until the early eighteenth
century, the people of Mende were aggressors against their neighbors: the
sherbro-bullom, Vai, and Gola. Mende fighters participated in the wars and
revolts of the colonial period, which ended in 1961 with the independence of
Sierra Leone.</span><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipXErCz-ekUUcpafb59znt8T2CfxBOX7_skW8-biQWpG5mrMvC9RH7G5o_TlOGx8R8igXRinydgAYxc9uHbcixHvxbto_L47ZWbTidy6MSrYPE2T3xGeqIwHwXrLTChCBSg6zcg7Qjt6YJ/s1600/neighbor+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipXErCz-ekUUcpafb59znt8T2CfxBOX7_skW8-biQWpG5mrMvC9RH7G5o_TlOGx8R8igXRinydgAYxc9uHbcixHvxbto_L47ZWbTidy6MSrYPE2T3xGeqIwHwXrLTChCBSg6zcg7Qjt6YJ/s1600/neighbor+map.jpg" height="320" width="307" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://www.thephylaxis.org/Images/Photos/sierra.jpg</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGS1oea0Z_un-hQ2OybFQz-eRoxB9DRxfz3bkOSjC0gUTtyMuzGztKo1-rU6gAQlf9sZ4kxEEOfKLpofzRxrcQSOImZKzXCFfqGM0iueTJy-SQJv418N5fDX9xHSy15pjuT8nlfWTjE16Z/s1600/neigbors.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGS1oea0Z_un-hQ2OybFQz-eRoxB9DRxfz3bkOSjC0gUTtyMuzGztKo1-rU6gAQlf9sZ4kxEEOfKLpofzRxrcQSOImZKzXCFfqGM0iueTJy-SQJv418N5fDX9xHSy15pjuT8nlfWTjE16Z/s1600/neigbors.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://25.media.tumblr.com/360bc3ded88fcea02da0b6feded7cbb8/tumblr_n1qeg4QlOM1qcbk0xo9_r1_1280.jpg<br /><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs2zx3l_QSQcBXlitOJP8Hf3ZPUqQfM79UHTee65tNdN23EnSep0qJgP8xhvfTptoY2C_1J8yeTv7WnBv9v4duijjSpcX1pJlirVw1led_DwNehuMZYgCsoXwB2ZGE4o-zJHsjeL5TOTZO/s1600/neigbors2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs2zx3l_QSQcBXlitOJP8Hf3ZPUqQfM79UHTee65tNdN23EnSep0qJgP8xhvfTptoY2C_1J8yeTv7WnBv9v4duijjSpcX1pJlirVw1led_DwNehuMZYgCsoXwB2ZGE4o-zJHsjeL5TOTZO/s1600/neigbors2.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://31.media.tumblr.com/b936e9c0466f436e1083b106f090810c/tumblr_n1qeg4QlOM1qcbk0xo3_500.jpg</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-57221002602504810722014-05-05T21:13:00.001-07:002014-05-05T21:13:32.366-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><b>BIRDS OF MENDE</b></u></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">The Republic of Sierra Leone is located in
coastal West Africa. Sierra Leone has a typical equatorial climate, with wet
and dry seasons each lasting about six months. Due to condusive climate within
the regions of the Mende's, they are blessed with a variety of birds
diversifying these areas. Some of these birds include:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b><u>Grebes</u></b></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Grebes </span>are small to medium-large sized freshwater diving
birds.</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Generally</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
have lobed t</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">oes, and are
excellent swimmers. T</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">hey have their feet
placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Interestingly out of the 20 species worldwide, </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1 </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">only
</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">species </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">is
found</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> in Sierra Leone and in the lands of the Mende.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-qKvCKnCnfYfxhDXJ5y1KYK58_NPhJDvYPwXHvYeujEx0oJ3FGjMcwhCprVvcYH6q8hsoL_IwwTGjSkGrc8PLfGc4yX1RIKfLnQ3xcAIc9hlevfRwU96n9E-kNukaRQHF84drxO3tirC/s1600/birds-+gerbe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-qKvCKnCnfYfxhDXJ5y1KYK58_NPhJDvYPwXHvYeujEx0oJ3FGjMcwhCprVvcYH6q8hsoL_IwwTGjSkGrc8PLfGc4yX1RIKfLnQ3xcAIc9hlevfRwU96n9E-kNukaRQHF84drxO3tirC/s1600/birds-+gerbe.jpg" /></a><br />Grebes</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; text-align: start;"><b><u>Shearwater petrel bird</u></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;">These birds are generally </span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;">characterized by united nostrils with a medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 species worldwide and 4 species are found within the homelands of the Mende's.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRMrvNMD8tz8OgtX8qEpX8hjyM2vpod8Umh-GqUT6qt-ve0PmnXaDKmhyphenhyphenN4lGDZXLWNvyN-nym5q13WPboxpEVOOPr-xA7XiV3WWR6r3dl1bMBYkeMSHGd8ydnbeV6k3BIhPWW6l17h25g/s1600/seashettrel+and+petrel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRMrvNMD8tz8OgtX8qEpX8hjyM2vpod8Umh-GqUT6qt-ve0PmnXaDKmhyphenhyphenN4lGDZXLWNvyN-nym5q13WPboxpEVOOPr-xA7XiV3WWR6r3dl1bMBYkeMSHGd8ydnbeV6k3BIhPWW6l17h25g/s1600/seashettrel+and+petrel.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; text-align: start;">shearwater petrel bird</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; text-align: start;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b><u>Pelicans</u></b></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the
beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet
with four toes. There are 8 species worldwide and 1 species is found in the
Mende regional lands.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVhke7TSrKeA66F6BY_KAAcqB7oe9jzNnr2ZmBWyIh7fS8kzjNwn7S44RhL56CRqvKxdnQCq3XT0-SQ78zvF45CCId0gSbFKfQlPrQXbS-TCzvsEpCqDsGq6sNZX7Z_bCjhZVA9ykRfQbb/s1600/pelicans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVhke7TSrKeA66F6BY_KAAcqB7oe9jzNnr2ZmBWyIh7fS8kzjNwn7S44RhL56CRqvKxdnQCq3XT0-SQ78zvF45CCId0gSbFKfQlPrQXbS-TCzvsEpCqDsGq6sNZX7Z_bCjhZVA9ykRfQbb/s1600/pelicans.jpg" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">pelican bird</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Phalacrocoracidae<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal,
fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration
varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and
white, and a few being colorful. There are 38 species worldwide and 1 species can
be found in the main lands of Mende.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1ObRvR8HiEw_0ZNhGxNPqMeXuh42-2rMSKdLBJV98WiywGfeT_lU82HKbTiOZRiqVaZ31VviVsCkJkB4BIiZHRj4VGXmQzrSr9YrM5ZQ31nRTUa9PQylcQqn89jcOns5vEQG-ifTvQs54/s1600/phalacrocoracidae.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1ObRvR8HiEw_0ZNhGxNPqMeXuh42-2rMSKdLBJV98WiywGfeT_lU82HKbTiOZRiqVaZ31VviVsCkJkB4BIiZHRj4VGXmQzrSr9YrM5ZQ31nRTUa9PQylcQqn89jcOns5vEQG-ifTvQs54/s1600/phalacrocoracidae.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">a phalacrocoracidae bird</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; text-align: start;"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; text-align: start;"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;">References:</span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Podiceps_nigricollis_001.jpg/300px-Podiceps_nigricollis_001.jpg</i><i><o:p></o:p></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="background: white; color: #252525; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://ts4.mm.bing.net/th?&id=HN.608028581684578648&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0</span></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span style="color: #252525;"><i>http://www.birdsgallery.net/gallery/pelicans/pelican_3.jpg</i></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span style="color: #252525;"><i>http://www.hat.net/photo/africa/30_birds/cormorants/070920121344_cormorant.jpg</i></span></span></li>
</ul>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-52030733848914192342014-05-05T20:04:00.000-07:002014-05-05T20:04:03.863-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">MENDE COSMOS</span></u></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Marriage</span></b><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt;">: </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt;">Marriages are mostly
exogamous and patrilocal within the mende's. It's a sign of social
progress, and chastity is frowned upon and considered abnormal. For a
man, Polygyny enhances a man's social caliber and
prestige. Economically, polygyny provides labor to the family for farming
when children are being born into the family. Divorce traditionally is not
common, but exceptional circumstances can lead a marriage to be dissolved after
which the bride-wealth is refunded to the husband.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYc3-lC6tqKt86MkZHL_Bm_7dgEMxCnFcvUZ7cUGXLtyBWCQSJU2ye3byoU4etAURfOHaE0Qb4LvaMgQwu33QC7RcaF_OsS0LP_QDIgvxVbjqrPel-OQ8tsocXYTsiPbGX1gtjzTWw3qQY/s1600/cosmos.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYc3-lC6tqKt86MkZHL_Bm_7dgEMxCnFcvUZ7cUGXLtyBWCQSJU2ye3byoU4etAURfOHaE0Qb4LvaMgQwu33QC7RcaF_OsS0LP_QDIgvxVbjqrPel-OQ8tsocXYTsiPbGX1gtjzTWw3qQY/s1600/cosmos.png" height="231" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik2Ctcrq4HqPQu0U9PkSOTynqKPni5kW1EinFCJUYet_RjPqWb2ivOFlrAFSVDFcViJFDuuZTIL38DwsGBt43CrLTFoRzbwH3nCSVprmKFlPqhcZlyUPmKsqT1TGXFtKEDeocgWED5Fhc/s400/Falwi-devil-with-attendants.gif</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt;">Inheritance:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt;">Patrilineal form of inheritance is very
common in the inheritance system of the Mende’s. After the passes away,
his immediate heirs to his land are his brothers in order of age, followed by
his sons and then his daughters. In their absence, the matrilineal
system of inheritance prevails and the nephew becomes the heir.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt;">Religious Beliefs:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt;">Priests
serve as mediators between the local people of the Mende and their deities.
They offer sacrifices to the deities to ask for protection and favor
on behalf of the local people. There are also diviners, traditional physicians
who diagnose illness, interpret omens and predict the future. The traditional
healing doctor takes the functional role of the priest's in
ritual healing and prepares protective charms against evil
and harmful spirits.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPtxMe_wTyV-kxoUdgxN-0aYWz38r1ODHMcKs3JN83TRMGWs8pbvbtJ4qyAOfcCFcIr24cy6tEapC4ymBiZCWqhdJ4IZCrx9XyN9dRsq3K1U9vUcLudYasmhfvzWRVBCokhuiJijMz2-N9/s1600/cosmos-+women+ceremony.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPtxMe_wTyV-kxoUdgxN-0aYWz38r1ODHMcKs3JN83TRMGWs8pbvbtJ4qyAOfcCFcIr24cy6tEapC4ymBiZCWqhdJ4IZCrx9XyN9dRsq3K1U9vUcLudYasmhfvzWRVBCokhuiJijMz2-N9/s1600/cosmos-+women+ceremony.jpg" height="226" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-nvwK6OnRHVyaqfe5ANs-bLuBSEPLsF1ClxAePpPvdixroR1Bfoo5cxVgOCjt7Oi_TQqwbdPyIv9pQEiB9gSsgA-nI_X7nDba_GtijOzMU9RT8wMpg5DKbtmNknu82umh6MyUh1wB_3A/s640/8.jpg</i></td></tr>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sande</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, also known as <b>bundo</b> is
a women's association found within the culture where girls are initiated into
womanhood with notions of morality and appropriate sexual conduct being instilled
in them. In these rites, women are made to wear wooden face
mask controlled exclusively by women – a feature which underlines the
peculiar social position of women within the society.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHjeIlIRMm2IUMhA-B8BnGNHkeo-XCwuG3e1RvH-l4Gg4NLEftxvoJtRXjXXR7lB4vbGPk5CJL16yH-CBUH9qWJbaxi6VostS4UO3MVM_3BqDPU996HudWLBL97Rb63ROwMwcRI9o8GmIo/s1600/cosmos-+Devil-dancing-b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHjeIlIRMm2IUMhA-B8BnGNHkeo-XCwuG3e1RvH-l4Gg4NLEftxvoJtRXjXXR7lB4vbGPk5CJL16yH-CBUH9qWJbaxi6VostS4UO3MVM_3BqDPU996HudWLBL97Rb63ROwMwcRI9o8GmIo/s1600/cosmos-+Devil-dancing-b.jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><i>https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZPBCcTsXvGmowFNAdacZ8kvY_hxvn3-dytpjK6RLDqpqO1R2GYzVUO8zs7DLr5NGs7tm6a6pjR5SUDkWwCqTHiz8XhTmQ_SiA8wkrCzVeEw14fvrmwNug0A3_RetybNgBYx4Ptghw0xg/s660/Devil-dancing-b.jpg</i></td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-26280955013984566122014-04-29T21:09:00.003-07:002014-04-29T21:09:23.497-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><b>World of the Mende</b></u></div>
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People of Mende practice the chieftaincy rural system whereby each chiefdom is made up of different sections with each consisting of a number of villages or towns. Traditional houses are built relatively close to each other and are usually round or rectangular in shape built from mud daub and palm thatch as roofs. </div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZTM9grWmzgh7kO7JXYhEBMRkTQGJTGVPwYsrNJalJPeRGqPGHrO2a016igMPImeSmI5OtewM6sPcDZV5bl3-ACbZ2Y-ssIJBW8qfOdVRVmNT0X1yxwJGIiWHYaiJvc_uFkyygEiwxzQwW/s1600/house.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZTM9grWmzgh7kO7JXYhEBMRkTQGJTGVPwYsrNJalJPeRGqPGHrO2a016igMPImeSmI5OtewM6sPcDZV5bl3-ACbZ2Y-ssIJBW8qfOdVRVmNT0X1yxwJGIiWHYaiJvc_uFkyygEiwxzQwW/s1600/house.jpg" height="320" width="225" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>typical mende house </b></td></tr>
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The subsistence way of farming is the most common farming method, where families engage in gardening </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhgBQjbczelFhwB7Jkwq7_HkeDeXKjS7ibIu9syGMLnyNkVdJpy7-jIqpJpQjH1WSrxzEIV9eJz9wWRV8EzlhbMPPgXRKmuPAZGxybMd_ZLgPnJe-xGhbn_LlU6o5HQxPUBIke00D1s9dF/s1600/farming.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhgBQjbczelFhwB7Jkwq7_HkeDeXKjS7ibIu9syGMLnyNkVdJpy7-jIqpJpQjH1WSrxzEIV9eJz9wWRV8EzlhbMPPgXRKmuPAZGxybMd_ZLgPnJe-xGhbn_LlU6o5HQxPUBIke00D1s9dF/s1600/farming.jpg" height="214" width="320" /></a></div>
around their family homes to grow crops like cassava, yam, millet, rice and vegetables like tomatoes, eggplant, chili peppers,etc.<br />
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Animal domestication is purposely done for meat and poultry for eggs and excess of food is being sold at the market and those they couldn't produce is being acquired at the market place.</div>
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Manufacturing of crafts in the form of earthenware, brooms, mats, etc is very common. other forms of industrial artifacts include simple farm tools like machetes, hoes, rake; and sculpted objects like masks, ritual objects,etc used during traditional ceremonies and festivals. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo3Lbj0tGZD7dD7ShrV3WTZrLw0vOdsn2cCUtpbsm4oVhTFq7P0_A-kLhLlSLS31KmG44W8qSG4dODKwFOJecjWw4n0jC-g-gadBaiTgy2EQ8MQzEM5S5Zxt8EF7dnH7uTYhwX1cD3K5jj/s1600/sculpture+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo3Lbj0tGZD7dD7ShrV3WTZrLw0vOdsn2cCUtpbsm4oVhTFq7P0_A-kLhLlSLS31KmG44W8qSG4dODKwFOJecjWw4n0jC-g-gadBaiTgy2EQ8MQzEM5S5Zxt8EF7dnH7uTYhwX1cD3K5jj/s1600/sculpture+3.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTuW1FpvYxh67KGjc02bs_Qus9liOKnZT-DwfSvF9PQCr80RR8O3qJtb4CiF_v_ga8Qxzae-cvn-2PoLGKoK-DJqZx2hWIMLK7mIqKuvN6Ua-fWa57WG4GILb7FKEDgVO1Cl4VaOigI_sZ/s1600/WIN_20131128_1302422014021013144520140215212549.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTuW1FpvYxh67KGjc02bs_Qus9liOKnZT-DwfSvF9PQCr80RR8O3qJtb4CiF_v_ga8Qxzae-cvn-2PoLGKoK-DJqZx2hWIMLK7mIqKuvN6Ua-fWa57WG4GILb7FKEDgVO1Cl4VaOigI_sZ/s1600/WIN_20131128_1302422014021013144520140215212549.jpg" /></a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-21009107518426133972014-04-16T21:31:00.005-07:002014-04-16T21:31:57.373-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<u><b>Homeland of the People of Mende</b></u></div>
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They primarily occupy the southern and eastern parts of Sierra Leon and have a small group believed to reside in Liberia.. There are 3 different Mende sub-groups; the Kpa-Mende, Sewa Mende, and the Ko-Mende also known as Kolo Mende. They speak the Mende language and have a population roughly over 1.7 million in Sierra Leone alone and 1.8 million worldwide. Primarily religion is Islam and they also believe in native elements such as a supreme being, ancestral spirits, secret societies and witch finders; and that all humanistic and scientific power is passed down through secret societies. They live primarily in villages of 70 to 250 residents situated from 1.5 to 5 kilometers apart. Most of them engage in agriculture and animal domestication usually in their homes. Work is divided by gender with men attenting to heavy work like clearing land (usually use simple farm tools like hoes and machetes) and the women attend to cleaning and pounding crops harvested. Crops grown may include millet, cassava, yams, sesame. Palm nuts are harvested to produce oil raffia palms are tapped for palm wine.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6eQXoorcIQSLR6PpakknSXEWcfn4wldJiQvJCx8661y1huF6fNYIfk66b6QWWTVTHWRJ6KCYd1L0jGBc-R8sFXxE1CiQYbpWvEz-ChE_ZANSLU2x9Td5nbX8ycmVZsrCnK5ltfhAsKvfU/s1600/mende+blog+5+house.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6eQXoorcIQSLR6PpakknSXEWcfn4wldJiQvJCx8661y1huF6fNYIfk66b6QWWTVTHWRJ6KCYd1L0jGBc-R8sFXxE1CiQYbpWvEz-ChE_ZANSLU2x9Td5nbX8ycmVZsrCnK5ltfhAsKvfU/s1600/mende+blog+5+house.jpg" height="235" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">a typical mende house</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvYvNqpioAFG7Gq9J5CN_Y0McGFMwbXFx_EDprWf4HNFemFCk9uQ6gTiQA4dZ44X7qXP3J8R9IiPy6cUpNmGQNytU4CDaBiihnFOPOd7Hyn_0wyJu7Cl5iT_npW4QqrHLNEohk10FGYlbM/s1600/mende+crop_production.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvYvNqpioAFG7Gq9J5CN_Y0McGFMwbXFx_EDprWf4HNFemFCk9uQ6gTiQA4dZ44X7qXP3J8R9IiPy6cUpNmGQNytU4CDaBiihnFOPOd7Hyn_0wyJu7Cl5iT_npW4QqrHLNEohk10FGYlbM/s1600/mende+crop_production.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A mende family engaged in farming<br /></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9TpdDbt-cFEjsnRK2HiOl_rqVVayh4I6dkF_gbbWa0GhWv_LJ4-nEGe9M0hlQfbdtpUUyeHoZv-5ELfJgHeyn53EVeF5r8i8-k0MuHQeO0PLzj_0ALRUJQaqq1CTfsaNlru_eYclBwPPA/s1600/mende+blog+3+market-scene.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9TpdDbt-cFEjsnRK2HiOl_rqVVayh4I6dkF_gbbWa0GhWv_LJ4-nEGe9M0hlQfbdtpUUyeHoZv-5ELfJgHeyn53EVeF5r8i8-k0MuHQeO0PLzj_0ALRUJQaqq1CTfsaNlru_eYclBwPPA/s1600/mende+blog+3+market-scene.jpg" height="222" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mende market place</td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-63070720198980846782014-04-16T21:14:00.002-07:002014-04-16T21:14:25.317-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><b>History of the People of Mende</b></u></div>
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Historically the people of Mende are believed to be descendants of the 13th century Mali empire which migrated to Sierra Leon from Sudan as invading forces. They are one of the 2 largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leon along with the Temne's. Regional warfare in the 19th century led to a lot of Mende people being sold into slavery some of whom won their freedom and sent back home; others were not so lucky. Today in Sierra Leone some of them are found in major cities like Bo, Kenema and Movamba.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjprdE2WupTylYqTRmdQSxHWWmhS6PZJFViRkYPTuuC_I58L_aX77wo0ZoyDYjDoGMfaXrZCGMZcKkWXua1K3fhhIej1ypBrU29fuaGnOveSBy3r9yRq__sVUIZFMUDdrgEamn-flR0PMU9/s1600/mende+map+1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjprdE2WupTylYqTRmdQSxHWWmhS6PZJFViRkYPTuuC_I58L_aX77wo0ZoyDYjDoGMfaXrZCGMZcKkWXua1K3fhhIej1ypBrU29fuaGnOveSBy3r9yRq__sVUIZFMUDdrgEamn-flR0PMU9/s1600/mende+map+1.PNG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">geographic location on the african map</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5tGspBMMYp2YPm2gHqSrSUpfRr4hpdIPcerAh-f_C-3sWsH4DA5rSSbJ9mzNjvGUszlHlOvPggmd9ZG1aHz-jjDQQaORF6-dR7u6virfLGN4p0bujpTR-bBZjrc__rt_wCEuXnxssSesd/s1600/mende+blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5tGspBMMYp2YPm2gHqSrSUpfRr4hpdIPcerAh-f_C-3sWsH4DA5rSSbJ9mzNjvGUszlHlOvPggmd9ZG1aHz-jjDQQaORF6-dR7u6virfLGN4p0bujpTR-bBZjrc__rt_wCEuXnxssSesd/s1600/mende+blog.jpg" height="400" width="353" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">people of Mende</td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13274693261534480346noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-617413697444979598.post-69077623474939729112014-03-17T20:22:00.000-07:002014-03-17T20:30:31.498-07:00<div class="article-content entry-content" itemprop="articleBody" style="background-color: white; clear: both; line-height: 1.4; margin: 10px auto 5px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><u>INTRODUCTION AND INDEX : MENDE</u></span></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span></i>
<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">For lack of knowledge
my people perish (Hosea 4:6 kjv) </span></i><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Over the semester I've being on a quest; one that has led me to
climb the enlightenment ladder to global cultural expeditions. Learning about
all these cultures all over the world all of which are distinctive yet
unique in their own way has being very exciting and intriguing. However my
blogging concentration would be about the cultural world of the people of
"Mende" a sierra Leon based ethnic group in
the sub-saharan african region. Weekly post will emphasize on history facts
about the people of Mende, origination, cultural survival, religion and belief
systems, rites, fun games, food, just to mention but a few. Hope you all
stick around for weekly updates as we explore the world of the
"Mende's", for such knowledge will change the way you see this
world.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><b> <u>Index:</u></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">History
of the People of Mende:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Homeland
of the Mende:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">World
of the Mende:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mende
cosmos :<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Birds
of the Mende:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mende
and their neighbors:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mende
migrations and diaspora:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mende
cultural survival:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">References:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
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